Article 37.
North Carolina Motor Vehicle Reinsurance Facility.
§ 58-37-1. Definitions.
As used in this Article:
(1) "Cede" or "cession" means the act of transferring the risk of loss from the individual insurer to all insurers through the operation of the facility.
(2) Repealed by Session Laws 1991, c. 720, s. 6.
(3) "Company" means each member of the Facility.
(4) "Eligible risk," for the purpose of motor vehicle insurance other than nonfleet private passenger motor vehicle insurance, means:
a. A person who is a resident of this State who owns a motor vehicle registered or principally garaged in this State;
b. A person who has a valid driver's license in this State;
c. A person who is required to file proof of financial responsibility under Article 9A or 13 of Chapter 20 of the General Statutes in order to register his or her motor vehicle or to obtain a driver's license in this State;
d. A nonresident of this State who owns a motor vehicle registered and principally garaged in this State; or
e. The State and its agencies and cities, counties, towns and municipal corporations in this State and their agencies.
However, no person shall be deemed an eligible risk if timely payment of premium is not tendered or if there is a valid unsatisfied judgment of record against such person for recovery of amounts due for motor vehicle insurance premiums and such person has not been discharged from paying said judgment, or if such person does not furnish the information necessary to effect insurance.
(4a) "Eligible risk," for the purpose of nonfleet private passenger motor vehicle insurance, means:
a. A resident of this State who owns a motor vehicle registered or principally garaged in this State;
b. A resident of this State and who has a valid driver's license issued by this State;
c. A person who is required to file proof of financial responsibility under Article 9A or 13 of Chapter 20 of the General Statutes in order to register his or her vehicle or to obtain a driver's license in this State;
d. A nonresident of this State who owns a motor vehicle registered and principally garaged in this State;
e. A nonresident of the State who is one of the following:
1. A member of the Armed Forces of the United States stationed in this State, or deployed outside this State from a home base in this State, who intends to return to his or her home state;
2. The spouse of a nonresident member of the Armed Forces of the United States stationed in this State, or deployed outside this State from a home base in this State, who intends to return to his or her home state;
3. An out-of-state student who intends to return to his or her home state upon completion of his or her time as a student enrolled in school in this State; or
f. The State and its agencies and cities, counties, towns, and municipal corporations in this State and their agencies.
However, no person shall be deemed an eligible risk if timely payment or premium is not tendered or if there is a valid unsatisfied judgment of record against the person which the person has not been discharged from paying, for recovery of amounts due for:
1. Motor vehicle insurance premiums; or
2. Payments recoverable under a policy provision authorized by G.S. 58-2-164(g1).
Further, no person shall be deemed an eligible risk if the person does not furnish the information necessary to effect insurance.
(5) "Facility" means the North Carolina Motor Vehicle Reinsurance Facility established under this Article.
(6) "Motor vehicle" means every self-propelled vehicle that is designed for use upon a highway, including trailers and semitrailers designed for use with such vehicles (except traction engines, road rollers, farm tractors, tractor cranes, power shovels, and well drillers). "Motor vehicle" also means a motorcycle, as defined in G.S. 20-4.01(27)h., and a moped, as defined in G.S. 20-4.01(27)j. "Motor vehicle" does not mean an electric assisted bicycle, as defined in G.S. 20-4.01(7a).
(7) "Motor vehicle insurance" means direct insurance against liability arising out of the ownership, operation, maintenance or use of a motor vehicle for bodily injury including death and property damage and includes medical payments and uninsured and underinsured motorist coverages.
With respect to motor carriers who are subject to the financial responsibility requirements established under the Motor Carrier Act of 1980, the term, "motor vehicle insurance" includes coverage with respect to environmental restoration. As used in this subsection the term, "environmental restoration" means restitution for the loss, damage, or destruction of natural resources arising out of the accidental discharge, dispersal, release, or escape into or upon the land, atmosphere, watercourse, or body of water of any commodity transported by a motor carrier. Environmental restoration includes the cost of removal and the cost of necessary measures taken to minimize or mitigate damage to human health, the natural environment, fish, shellfish, and wildlife.
(8) "Person" means every natural person, firm, partnership, association, trust, limited liability company, firm, corporation, government, or governmental agency.
(9) "Plan of operation" means the plan of operation approved pursuant to the provisions of this Article.
(10) Repealed by Session Laws 1977, c. 828, s. 10.
(11) "Principally garaged" means the vehicle is garaged for six or more months of the current or preceding year on property in this State which is owned, leased, or otherwise lawfully occupied by the owner of the vehicle. (1973, c. 818, s. 1; 1977, c. 828, s. 10; 1981, c. 776, s. 1; 1985, c. 666, s. 48; 1989, c. 485, s. 48; 1991, c. 720, s. 6; 1999-132, s. 8.2; 2001-389, s. 4; 2002-187, s. 1.1; 2007-443, s. 1; 2007-481, s. 8; 2007-495, s. 8; 2011-183, s. 43; 2015-125, s. 5; 2016-78, s. 3.2(b); 2016-90, ss. 12.6(b), 13(f); 2017-102, ss. 5.2(b), 36.)
§ 58-37-5. North Carolina Motor Vehicle Reinsurance Facility; creation; membership.
There is created a nonprofit unincorporated legal entity to be known as the North Carolina Motor Vehicle Reinsurance Facility consisting of all insurers licensed to write and engaged in writing within this State motor vehicle insurance or any component thereof. Every such insurer, as a prerequisite to further engaging in writing such insurance in this State, shall be a member of the Facility and shall be bound by the rules of operation thereof as provided for in this Article and as promulgated by the Board of Governors. No company may withdraw from membership in the Facility unless it ceases to write motor vehicle insurance in this State or ceases to be licensed to write such insurance. (1973, c. 818, s. 1; 1983, c. 416, s. 6.)
§ 58-37-10. Obligations after termination of membership.
Any company whose membership in the Facility has been terminated by withdrawal shall, nevertheless, with respect to its business prior to midnight of the effective date of such termination continue to be governed by this Article. (1973, c. 818, s. 1.)
Any unsatisfied net liability to the Facility of any insolvent member shall be assumed by and apportioned among the remaining members in the Facility in the same manner in which assessments are apportioned by the Facility. The Facility shall have all rights allowed by law in behalf of the remaining members against the estate or funds of such insolvent for sums due the Facility in accordance with this Article. (1973, c. 818, s. 1; 1977, c. 828, s. 12.)
§ 58-37-20. Merger, consolidation or cession.
When a member has been merged or consolidated into another insurer, or has reinsured its entire motor vehicle liability insurance business in the State with another insurer, such company or its successor in interest shall remain liable for all obligations hereunder and such company and its successor in interest and the other insurers with which it has been merged or consolidated shall continue to participate in the Facility according to the rules of operation. (1973, c. 818, s. 1; 1977, c. 828, s. 13.)
§ 58-37-25. General obligations of insurers.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this Article all insurers as a prerequisite to the further engaging in this State in the writing of motor vehicle insurance or any component thereof shall accept and insure any otherwise unacceptable applicant therefor who is an eligible risk if cession of the particular coverage and coverage limits applied for are permitted in the Facility. All such insurers shall equitably share the results of such otherwise unacceptable business through the Facility and shall be bound by the acts of their agents in accordance with the provisions of this Article. No insurer shall impose upon any of its agents, solely on account of ceded business received from such agents, any quota or matching requirement for any other insurance as a condition for further acceptance of ceded business from such agents.
(b) Each insurer will provide the same type of service to ceded business that it provides for its voluntary market. Records provided to agents and brokers will include an indication that the business is ceded. When an insurer cedes a policy or renewal thereof to the Facility and the Facility premium for such policy is higher than the premium that the insurer would normally charge for such policy if retained by the insurer, the policyholder will be informed that (i) his policy is ceded, (ii) the coverages are written at the Facility rate, which rate differential must be specified, (iii) the reason or reasons for the cession to the Facility, (iv) the specific reason or reasons for the cession to the Facility will be provided upon the written request of the policyholder to the insurer, and (v) the policyholder may seek insurance through other insurers who may elect not to cede his policy. If such policyholder obtains motor vehicle liability insurance through another insurer who elects not to cede his policy to the Facility and the policyholder cancels his ceded policy within 45 days of the effective date of such ceded policy, the earned premium for such ceded policy shall be calculated on the pro rata basis, except that the pro rata calculation shall not apply to a cancellation by any insurance premium finance company as provided in G.S. 58-35-85.
(c) Upon the written request of any eligible risk who has been notified pursuant to subsection (b) of this section that his motor vehicle insurance policy has been ceded to the Facility, the insurer ceding the insurance policy must provide in writing to that eligible risk the specific reason or reasons for the decision to cede that policy to the Facility. Proof of mailing of the written reason or reasons is sufficient proof of compliance with this obligation. With regard to any notice of cession or any written or oral communications specifying the reason or reasons for cession, there will be no liability on the part of, and no cause of action of any nature will arise against, (i) any insurer or its authorized representatives, agents, or employees, or (ii) any licensed insurance producer or persons who furnish to the insurer information as to the reason or reasons for the cession, for any communications or statements made by them, unless the communications or statements are shown to have been made in bad faith with malice in fact. (1973, c. 818, s. 1; 1979, c. 732; 2022-46, s. 14(vv).)
§ 58-37-30. General obligations of insurance producers.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this Article, no licensed insurance producer of an insurer authorized to solicit and accept premiums for motor vehicle insurance or any component thereof by the company he represents shall refuse on behalf of said company to accept any application from an eligible risk for such insurance and to immediately bind the coverage applied for and for a period of not less than six months if cession of the particular coverage and coverage limits applied for are permitted in the Facility, provided the application is submitted during the insurance producer's normal business hours, at his customary place of business and in accordance with the insurance producer's customary practices and procedures. The commission paid on the insurance coverages provided in this Article shall not be less than the commission on insurance coverage written through the North Carolina Insurance Plan on May 1, 1973. The same commission shall apply uniformly statewide.
(b) It shall be the responsibility of the insurance producer to write the coverage applied for at what he believes to be the appropriate rate level. If coverage is written at the Facility rate level and the company elects not to cede, the policy shall be rated at a rate under Article 36 of this Chapter. Coverage written at a rate under Article 36 of this Chapter that is not acceptable to the company must either be placed with another company or rated at the Facility rate level by the insurance producer. (1973, c. 818, s. 1; 1977, c. 828, s. 11; 1995, c. 517, s. 23; 2022-46, s. 14(ww).)
§ 58-37-35. The Facility; functions; administration.
(a) The operation of the Facility shall assure the availability of motor vehicle insurance to any eligible risk and the Facility shall accept all placements made in accordance with this Article, the plan of operation adopted pursuant thereto, and any amendments to either.
(b) The Facility shall reinsure for each coverage available in the Facility to the standard percentage of one hundred percent (100%) or lesser equitable percentage established in the Facility's plan of operation as follows:
(1) (Effective until July 1, 2025) For the following coverages of motor vehicle insurance and in at least the following amounts of insurance:
a. Bodily injury liability: thirty thousand dollars ($30,000) each person, sixty thousand dollars ($60,000) each accident;
b. Property damage liability: twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000) each accident;
c. Medical payments: one thousand dollars ($1,000) each person; except that this coverage shall not be available for motorcycles or mopeds;
d. Uninsured motorist: thirty thousand dollars ($30,000) each person; sixty thousand dollars ($60,000) each accident for bodily injury; twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000) each accident property damage (one hundred dollars ($100.00) deductible);
d1. Underinsured motorist: fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) each person; one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) each accident for bodily injury;
e. Any other motor vehicle insurance or financial responsibility limits in the amounts required by any federal law or federal agency regulation; by any law of this State; or by any rule duly adopted under Chapter 150B of the General Statutes or by the North Carolina Utilities Commission.
(1) (Effective July 1, 2025) For the following coverages of motor vehicle insurance and in at least the following amounts of insurance:
a. Bodily injury liability: fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) each person, one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) each accident;
b. Property damage liability: fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) each accident;
c. Medical payments: one thousand dollars ($1,000) each person; except that this coverage shall not be available for motorcycles or mopeds;
d. Uninsured motorist: fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) each person; one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) each accident for bodily injury; fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) each accident property damage (one hundred dollars ($100.00) deductible);
d1. Underinsured motorist: fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) each person; one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) each accident for bodily injury;
e. Any other motor vehicle insurance or financial responsibility limits in the amounts required by any federal law or federal agency regulation; by any law of this State; or by any rule duly adopted under Chapter 150B of the General Statutes or by the North Carolina Utilities Commission.
(2) Additional ceding privileges for motor vehicle insurance shall be provided by the Board of Governors up to the following:
a. Bodily injury liability: one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) each person, three hundred thousand dollars ($300,000) each accident;
b. Property damage liability: fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) each accident;
c. Medical payments: two thousand dollars ($2,000) each person; except that this coverage shall not be available for motorcycles or mopeds;
d. Underinsured motorist: one million dollars ($1,000,000) each person and each accident for bodily injury liability; and
e. Uninsured motorist: one million dollars ($1,000,000) each person and each accident for bodily injury and fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) each accident for property damage (one hundred dollars ($100.00) deductible).
(2a) For persons who must maintain liability coverage limits above those available under subdivision (2) of this subsection in order to obtain or continue coverage under personal excess liability or personal "umbrella" insurance policies, additional ceding privileges for motor vehicle insurance shall be provided by the Board of Governors up to the following:
a. Bodily injury liability: two hundred fifty thousand dollars ($250,000) each person, five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000) each accident.
b. Property damage liability: one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) each accident.
c. Medical payments: five thousand dollars ($5,000) each person; except that this coverage shall not be available for motorcycles or mopeds.
d. Uninsured motorist: one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) each accident for property damage (one hundred dollars ($100.00) deductible).
(3) Whenever the additional ceding privileges are provided as in G.S. 58-37-35(b)(2) for any component of motor vehicle insurance, the same additional ceding privileges shall be available to "all other" types of risks subject to the rating jurisdiction of the North Carolina Rate Bureau.
(c) The Facility shall require each member to adjust losses for ceded business fairly and efficiently in the same manner as voluntary business losses are adjusted and to effect settlement where settlement is appropriate.
(d) The Facility shall be administered by a Board of Governors. The Board of Governors shall consist of 12 members having one vote each from the classifications specified in this subsection and the Commissioner, who shall serve ex officio without vote. Each Facility insurance company member serving on the Board shall be represented by a senior officer of the company. Not more than one company in a group under the same ownership or management shall be represented on the Board at the same time. Five members of the Board shall be selected by the member insurers, which members shall be fairly representative of the industry. To insure representative member insurers, one each shall be selected from the following: the American Insurance Association (or its successors), the Property Casualty Insurers Association of America (or its successors), stock insurers not affiliated with those trade associations, nonstock insurers not affiliated with those trade associations, and the industry at large regardless of trade affiliation. The at-large insurer shall be selected by the insurer company members of the Board. The Commissioner shall appoint two members of the Board who are Facility insurance company members domiciled in this State. The Commissioner shall appoint one member of the Board who shall be selected from two nominees submitted by the Alliance of Insurance Agents of North Carolina. The Commissioner shall appoint four members of the Board who shall be insurance producers with property and casualty lines of authority licensed in this State and actively engaged in writing motor vehicle insurance in this State. The term of office of the Board members shall be three years. All members of the Board of Governors shall serve until their successors are selected and qualified and the Commissioner may fill any vacancy on the Board from any of the classifications specified in this subsection until the vacancies are filled in accordance with this Article. The Board of Governors of the Facility shall also have as nonvoting members two persons who are not employed by or affiliated with any insurance company or the Department and who are appointed by the Governor to serve at the Governor's pleasure.
(e) The Commissioner and member companies shall provide for a Board of Governors. The Board of Governors shall elect from its membership a chair and shall meet at the call of the chair or at the request of four members of the Board of Governors. The chair shall retain the right to vote on all issues. Seven members of the Board of Governors shall constitute a quorum. The same member may not serve as chair for more than two consecutive years; provided, however, that a member may continue to serve as chair until a successor chair is elected and qualified.
(f) The Board of Governors shall have full power and administrative responsibility for the operation of the Facility. Such administrative responsibility shall include but not be limited to:
(1) Proper establishment and implementation of the Facility.
(2) Employment of a manager who shall be responsible for the continuous operation of the Facility and such other employees, officers and committees as it deems necessary.
(3) Provision for appropriate housing and equipment to assure the efficient operation of the Facility.
(4) Promulgation of reasonable rules and regulations for the administration and operation of the Facility and delegation to the manager of such authority as it deems necessary to insure the proper administration and operation thereof.
(g) Except as may be delegated specifically to others in the plan of operation or reserved to the members, power and responsibility for the establishment and operation of the Facility is vested in the Board of Governors, which power and responsibility include but is not limited to the following:
(1) To sue and be sued in the name of the Facility. No judgment against the Facility shall create any direct liability in the individual member companies of the Facility.
(2) To receive and record cessions.
(3) To assess members on the basis of participation ratios established in the plan of operation to cover anticipated or incurred costs of operation and administration of the Facility at such intervals as are established in the plan of operation.
(4) To contract for goods and services from others to assure the efficient operation of the Facility.
(5) To hear and determine complaints of any company, insurance producer, or other interested party concerning the operation of the Facility.
(6) Upon the request of any licensed insurance producer with property and casualty lines of authority meeting any two of the standards set forth below as determined by the Commissioner within 10 days of the receipt of the application, the Facility shall contract with one or more members within 20 days of receipt of the determination to appoint such licensed insurance producer with property and casualty lines of authority as designated agents in accordance with reasonable rules as are established by the plan of operation. The standards shall be:
a. Whether the insurance producer's evidence establishes that he has been conducting his business in a community for a period of at least one year;
b. Whether the insurance producer's evidence establishes that he had a gross premium volume during the 13 months next preceding the date of his application of at least twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) from motor vehicle insurance;
c. Whether the insurance producer's evidence establishes that the number of eligible risks served by him during the 13 months next preceding the date of application was 200 or more;
d. Whether the insurance producer's evidence establishes a growth in eligible risks served and premium volume during his years of service as an agent;
e. Whether the insurance producer's evidence establishes that he made available to eligible risks premium financing or any other plan for deferred payment of premiums.
With respect to business produced by designated agents, adequate provision shall be made by the Facility to assure that such business is rated using Facility rates. All business produced by designated agents may be ceded to the Facility, except designated agents appointed before September 1, 1987, may place liability insurance policies with a voluntary carrier, provided that all policies written by the voluntary carrier are retained by the voluntary carrier unless ceded to the Facility using Facility rates. Designated agents must provide the Facility with a list of such policies written by the voluntary carrier at least annually, or as requested by the Facility, on a form approved by the Facility. If no insurer is willing to contract with any such insurance producer on terms acceptable to the Board, the Facility shall authorize such insurance producer to write directly on behalf of the Facility. However, for this purpose the Facility does not act as an insurer, but acts only as the statutory agent of all of the members of the Facility, which shall be bound on risks written by the Facility's appointed agent. The Facility may contract with one or more servicing carriers and shall promulgate fair and reasonable underwriting procedures to require that business produced by Facility agents and written through those servicing carriers shall be rated using Facility rates. All business produced by Facility agents may be ceded to the Facility. Any designated agent who is disabled or retiring or the estate of any deceased designated agent may transfer the designation and the book of business to some other licensed insurance producer with property and casualty lines of authority meeting the requirements of this section and under rules established by the Facility, and a transfer from a designated agent appointed before September 1, 1987, shall entitle the transferee designated agent to place liability insurance policies with a voluntary carrier.
The Commissioner shall require, as a condition precedent to the issuance, renewal, or continuation of a resident insurance producer's license to any designated agent to act for the company appointing such designated agent under contract with the Facility, that the designated agent file and thereafter maintain in force while so licensed a bond in favor of the State of North Carolina executed by an authorized corporate surety approved by the Commissioner, cash, mortgage on real property, or other securities approved by the Commissioner, in the amount of ten thousand dollars ($10,000) for the use of aggrieved persons. Such bond, cash, mortgage, or other securities shall be conditioned on the accounting by the designated agent (i) to any person requesting the designated agent to obtain motor vehicle insurance for moneys or premiums collected in connection therewith, and (ii) to the company providing coverage with respect to any such moneys or premiums under contract with the Facility. Any such bond shall remain in force until the surety is released from liability by the Commissioner, or until the bond is cancelled by the surety. Without prejudice to any liability accrued prior to such cancellation, the surety may cancel the bond upon 30 days' advance notice in writing filed with the Commissioner.
No insurance producer may be designated under this subdivision to any insurer that does not actively write voluntary market business.
(7) To maintain all loss, expense, and premium data relative to all risks reinsured in the Facility, and to require each member to furnish such statistics relative to insurance reinsured by the Facility at such times and in such form and detail as may be required.
(8) To establish fair and reasonable procedures for the sharing among members of any loss on Facility business that cannot be recouped under G.S. 58-37-40(e) and other costs, charges, expenses, liabilities, income, property and other assets of the Facility and for assessing or distributing to members their appropriate shares. The shares may be based on the member's premiums for voluntary business for the appropriate category of motor vehicle insurance or by any other fair and reasonable method.
(9) To receive or distribute all sums required by the operation of the Facility.
(10) To accept all risks submitted in accordance with this Article.
(11) To establish procedures for reviewing claims practices of member companies to the end that claims to the account of the Facility will be handled fairly and efficiently.
(12) To adopt and enforce all rules and to do anything else where the Board is not elsewhere herein specifically empowered which is otherwise necessary to accomplish the purpose of the Facility and is not in conflict with the other provisions of this Article.
(h) Each member company shall authorize the Facility to audit that part of the company's business which is written subject to the Facility in a manner and time prescribed by the Board of Governors.
(i) The Board of Governors shall fix a date for an annual meeting and shall annually meet on that date. Twenty days' notice of such meeting shall be given in writing to all members of the Board of Governors.
(j) There shall be furnished to each member an annual report of the operation of the Facility in such form and detail as may be determined by the Board of Governors.
(k) Each member shall furnish statistics in connection with insurance subject to the Facility as may be required by the Facility. Such statistics shall be furnished at such time and in such form and detail as may be required but at least will include premiums charged, expenses and losses.
(l) The classifications, rules, rates, rating plans and policy forms used on motor vehicle insurance policies reinsured by the Facility may be made by the Facility or by any licensed or statutory statistical organization or bureau on its behalf and shall be filed with the Commissioner. The Board of Governors shall establish a separate subclassification within the Facility for "clean risks". For the purpose of this Article, a "clean risk" is any owner of a nonfleet private passenger motor vehicle as defined in G.S. 58-40-10, if the owner, principal operator, and each licensed operator in the owner's household have two years' driving experience as licensed drivers and if none of the persons has been assigned any Safe Driver Incentive Plan points under Article 36 of this Chapter during the three-year period immediately preceding either (i) the date of application for a motor vehicle insurance policy or (ii) the date of preparation of a renewal of a motor vehicle insurance policy. The filings may incorporate by reference any other material on file with the Commissioner. Rates shall be neither excessive, inadequate nor unfairly discriminatory. If the Commissioner finds, after a hearing, that a rate is either excessive, inadequate or unfairly discriminatory, the Commissioner shall issue an order specifying in what respect it is deficient and stating when, within a reasonable period thereafter, the rate is no longer effective. The order is subject to judicial review as set out in Article 2 of this Chapter. Pending judicial review of said order, the filed classification plan and the filed rates may be used, charged and collected in the same manner as set out in G.S. 58-40-45 of this Chapter. The order shall not affect any contract or policy made or issued before the expiration of the period set forth in the order. All rates shall be on an actuarially sound basis and shall be calculated, insofar as is possible, to produce neither a profit nor a loss. However, the rates made by or on behalf of the Facility with respect to "clean risks" shall not exceed the rates charged "clean risks" who are not reinsured in the Facility. The difference between the actual rate charged and the actuarially sound and self-supporting rates for "clean risks" reinsured in the Facility may be recouped in similar manner as assessments under G.S. 58-37-40(f). Rates shall not include any factor for underwriting profit on Facility business, but shall provide an allowance for contingencies. There shall be a strong presumption that the rates and premiums for the business of the Facility are neither unreasonable nor excessive.
(m) In addition to annual premiums, the rules of the Facility shall allow semiannual and quarterly premium terms. (1973, c. 818, s. 1; 1977, c. 710; c. 828, ss. 14-19; 1977, 2nd Sess., c. 1135; 1979, c. 676, ss. 1, 2; 1981, c. 776, ss. 2, 3; c. 776, ss. 2, 3; 1983, c. 416, ss. 3, 4; c. 690; 1985, c. 666, s. 49; 1985 (Reg. Sess., 1986), c. 1027, ss. 7, 19, 33, 43; 1987, c. 869, ss. 3, 4(1), (2), 15; 1989, c. 67; 1991, c. 469, s. 7; c. 562, s. 2; c. 709, s. 1; c. 720, s. 4; 1999-132, ss. 6.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.7, 8.8; 1999-228, s. 8; 2001-236, s. 1; 2001-423, s. 3; 2002-185, s. 6; 2002-187, ss. 1.2, 1.3; 2005-210, s. 19; 2005-242, s. 1; 2006-105, s. 1.7; 2006-264, s. 83; 2016-90, s. 12.6(c); 2022-46, ss. 14(xx), 17(a); 2023-133, s. 12(h); 2024-29, s. 8(b), (c).)
§ 58-37-40. Plan of operation.
(a) Within 60 days after the initial organizational meeting, the Facility shall submit to the Commissioner, for his approval, a proposed plan of operation, consistent with the provisions of this Article, which shall provide for economical, fair and nondiscriminating administration and for the prompt and efficient provision of motor vehicle insurance to eligible risks. Should no plan be submitted within the aforesaid 60-day period, then the Commissioner of Insurance shall formulate and place into effect a plan consistent with the provisions of this Article.
(b) The plan of operation, unless sooner approved in writing, shall be deemed to meet the requirements of the Article if it is not disapproved by order of the Commissioner within 30 days from the date of filing. Prior to the disapproval of all or any part of the proposed plan of operation the Commissioner shall notify the Facility in what respect the plan of operation fails to meet the specific requirements of this Article. The Facility shall, within 30 days thereafter, submit for his approval a revised plan of operation which meets the specific requirements of this Article. In the event the Facility fails to submit a revised plan of operation which meets the specific requirements of this Article within the aforesaid 30-day period, the Commissioner shall enter an order accordingly and shall immediately thereafter formulate and place into effect a plan consistent with the provisions of this Article.
(c) Any revision of the proposed plan of operation or any subsequent amendments to an approved plan of operation shall be subject to approval or disapproval by the Commissioner in the manner herein provided in subsection (b) with respect to the initial plan of operation.
(d) Any order of the Commissioner with respect to the plan of operation or any revision or amendment thereof shall be subject to court review as provided in G.S. 58-2-75.
(e) Upon approval of the Commissioner of the plan so submitted or promulgation of a plan deemed approved by the Commissioner, all insurance companies licensed to write motor vehicle insurance in this State or any component thereof as a prerequisite to further engaging in writing the insurance shall formally subscribe to and participate in the plan so approved.
The plan of operation shall provide for, among other matters, (i) the establishment of necessary facilities; (ii) the management of the Facility; (iii) the preliminary assessment of all members for initial expenses necessary to commence operations; (iv) the assessment of members if necessary to defray losses and expenses; (v) the distribution of gains to defray losses incurred since September 1, 1977; (vi) the distribution of gains by credit or reduction of recoupment surcharges to policies subject to recoupment surcharges pursuant to this Article (the Facility may apportion the distribution of gains among the coverages eligible for cession pursuant to this Article); (vii) the recoupment of losses sustained by the Facility since September 1, 1977, pursuant to this Article, which losses may be recouped by equitable pro rata assessment of companies or by way of a surcharge on motor vehicle policies issued by member companies or through the Facility; (viii) the standard amount (one hundred percent (100%) or any equitable lesser amount) of coverage afforded on eligible risks which a member company may cede to the Facility; and (ix) the procedure by which reinsurance shall be accepted by the Facility. The plan shall further provide that:
(1) Members of the Board of Governors shall receive reimbursement from the Facility for their actual and necessary expenses incurred on Facility business, en route to perform Facility business, and while returning from Facility business plus a per diem allowance of twenty-five dollars ($25.00) a day which may be waived.
(2) In order to obtain a transfer of business to the Facility effective when the binder or policy or renewal thereof first becomes effective, the company must within 30 days of the binding or policy effective date notify the Facility of the identification of the insured, the coverage and limits afforded, classification data, and premium. The Facility shall accept risks at other times on receipt of necessary information, but acceptance shall not be retroactive. The Facility shall accept renewal business after the member on underwriting review elects to again cede the business.
(f) The plan of operation shall provide that every member shall, following payment of any pro rata assessment, begin recoupment of that assessment by way of a surcharge on motor vehicle insurance policies issued by the member or through the Facility until the assessment has been recouped. Any surcharge under this subsection or under subsection (e) of this section shall be a percentage of premium adopted by the Board of Governors of the Facility; and the charges determined on the basis of the surcharge shall be combined with and displayed as a part of the applicable premium charges. Recoupment of losses sustained by the Facility since September 1, 1977, with respect to nonfleet private passenger motor vehicles may be made only by surcharging nonfleet private passenger motor vehicle insurance policies. If the amount collected during the period of surcharge exceeds assessments paid by the member to the Facility, the member shall pay over the excess to the Facility on a date specified by the Board of Governors. If the amount collected during the period of surcharge is less than the assessments paid by the member to the Facility, the Facility shall pay the difference to the member. Except as otherwise provided in this Article, the amount of recoupment shall not be considered or treated as a rate or premium for any purpose. The Board of Governors shall adopt and implement a plan for compensation of agents of Facility members when recoupment surcharges are imposed; that compensation shall not exceed the compensation or commission rate normally paid to the agent for the issuance or renewal of the automobile liability policy issued through the North Carolina Reinsurance Facility affected by the surcharge. However, the surcharge shall include an amount necessary to recover the amount of the assessment to member companies and the compensation paid by each member, under this section, to agents.
(g) The plan of operation shall provide that all investment income from the premium on business reinsured by the Facility shall be retained by or paid over to the Facility. In determining the cost of operation of the Facility, all investment income shall be taken into consideration.
(h) The plan of operation shall provide for audit of the annual statement of the Facility by independent auditor approved by the Legislative Services Commission.
(i) The Facility shall file with the Commissioner revisions in the Facility plan of operation for his approval or modification. Such revisions shall be made for the purpose of revising the classification and rating plans for other than nonfleet private passenger motor vehicle insurance ceded to the Facility. (1973, c. 818, s. 1; 1975, c. 19, s. 18; 1977, c. 828, ss. 20, 21; 1981, c. 590; c. 916, ss. 2, 3; 1985 (Reg. Sess., 1986), c. 1027, s. 34; 1987, c. 869, s. 5(1)-5(3); 1989, c. 424, s. 1; 1991, c. 720, s. 4; 1995, c. 517, s. 24; 1999-132, ss. 8.5, 8.6.)
§ 58-37-45. Procedure for cession provided in plan of operation.
Upon receipt by the company of a risk which it does not elect to retain, the company shall follow such procedures for ceding the risk as are established by the plan of operation. (1973, c. 818, s. 1; 1977, c. 828, s. 22.)
§ 58-37-50. Termination of insurance.
No member may terminate insurance to the extent that cession of a particular type of coverage and limits is available under the provisions of this Article except for the following reasons:
(1) Nonpayment of premium when due to the insurer or producing agent.
(2) The named insured has become a nonresident of this State and would not otherwise be entitled to insurance on submission of new application under this Article.
(3) A member company has terminated an agency contract for reasons other than the quality of the agent's insureds or the agent has terminated the contract and such agent represented the company in taking the original application for insurance.
(4) When the insurance contract has been cancelled pursuant to a power of attorney given a company licensed pursuant to the provisions of G.S. 58-35-5.
(5) The named insured, at the time of renewal, fails to meet the requirements contained in the corporate charter, articles of incorporation, and/or bylaws of the insurer, when the insurer is a company organized for the sole purpose of providing members of an organization with insurance policies in North Carolina.
(6) The named insured is no longer an eligible risk under G.S. 58-37-1. (1973, c. 818, s. 1; 1979, c. 497; 2007-443, s. 2.)
§ 58-37-55. Exemption from requirements of this Article of companies and their agents.
The Board of Governors may exempt a company and its agents from the requirements of this Article, insofar as new business is concerned. The Board may further exempt a company and its agents from the requirements of this Article regarding the selling and servicing a particular category of business, if the company is not qualified to service the business. (1973, c. 818, s. 1; 1977, c. 828, s. 23.)
§ 58-37-60. Physical damage insurance availability.
No physical damage insurer shall refuse to make physical damage coverage available to any applicant for the reason that such applicant has, or may acquire, auto liability insurance through the Facility plan as provided herein; further that no such insurer may levy a surcharge or increased rate for such physical damage coverage on the basis that such applicant has, or may acquire, auto liability insurance through the Facility plan as provided herein.
Any insurer or representative thereof who fails to comply with or violates this section shall be subject to suspension or revocation of his certificate or license and shall be subject to the provisions of G.S. 58-2-70. (1973, c. 818, s. 1; 1985, c. 666, s. 37.)
§ 58-37-65. Hearings; review.
(a) Any applicant for a policy from any carrier, any person insured under such a policy, any member of the Facility and any insurance producer duly licensed to write motor vehicle insurance, may request a formal hearing and ruling by the Board of Governors of the Facility on any alleged violation of or failure to comply with the plan of operation or the provisions of this Article or any alleged improper act or ruling of the Facility directly affecting him as to coverage or premium or in the case of a member directly affecting its assessment, and in the case of an insurance producer, any matter affecting his appointment to a carrier or his account therewith. The request for hearing must be made within 15 days after the date of the alleged violation or improper act or ruling. The hearing shall be held within 15 days after the receipt of the request. The hearing may be held by any panel of the Board of Governors consisting of not less than three members thereof, and the ruling of a majority of the panel shall be deemed to be the formal ruling of the Board, unless the full Board on its own motion shall modify or rescind the action of the panel.
(b) Any formal ruling by the Board of Governors may be appealed to the Commissioner by filing notice of appeal with the Facility and Commissioner within 30 days after issuance of the ruling.
(c) The Commissioner shall, after a hearing held on not less than 30 days written notice to the appellant and to the Board, (i) issue an order approving the decision of the Board or (ii) after setting out the findings and conclusions as to how the action of the Board is not in accordance with the plan of operation, the Standard Practice Manual, or other provisions of this Article, direct the Board to reconsider its decision. In the event the Commissioner directs the Board to reconsider its decision and the Board fails to take action in accordance with the plan of operation, the Standard Practice Manual, or other provisions of this Article, the Commissioner may issue an order modifying the action of the Board to the extent necessary to comply with the plan of operation, the Standard Practice Manual, or other provisions of this Article.
No later than 20 days before each hearing, the appellant shall file with the Commissioner or his designated hearing officer and shall serve on the appellee a written statement of his case and any evidence he intends to offer at the hearing. No later than five days before such hearing, the appellee shall file with the Commissioner or his designated hearing officer and shall serve on the appellant a written statement of his case and any evidence he intends to offer at the hearing. Each such hearing shall be recorded and transcribed. The cost of such recording and transcribing shall be borne equally by the appellant and appellee; provided that upon any final adjudication the prevailing party shall be reimbursed for his share of such costs by the other party. Each party shall, on a date determined by the Commissioner or his designated hearing officer, but not sooner than 15 days after delivery of the completed transcript to the party, submit to the Commissioner or his designated hearing officer and serve on the other party, a proposed order. The Commissioner or his designated hearing officer shall then issue an order.
(d) Any aggrieved person or organization, any member of the Facility or the Facility may request a public hearing and ruling by the Commissioner on the provisions of the plan of operation, rules, regulations or policy forms approved by the Commissioner. The request for hearing shall specify the matter or matters to be considered. The hearing shall be held within 30 days after receipt of the request. The Commissioner shall give public notice of the hearing and the matter or matters to be considered not less than 15 days in advance of the hearing date.
(e) In any hearing held pursuant to this section by the Board of Governors or the Commissioner, the Board or the Commissioner as the case may be, shall issue a ruling or order within 30 days after the close of the hearing.
(f) All rulings or orders of the Commissioner under this section shall be subject to judicial review as approved in G.S. 58-2-75. (1973, c. 818, s. 1; 1989, c. 424, s. 3; 1989 (Reg. Sess., 1990), c. 1069, s. 17; 2022-46, s. 14(yy).)
§ 58-37-70: Repealed by Session Laws 1991, c. 720, s. 6.